INVC News
Haridwar, Kashi : The Hindu calendar is a fascinating combination of lunar and solar cycles, with twelve lunar months totaling approximately 354 days. However, to reconcile this lunar calendar with the solar year of 365 days, an intercalary month known as Adhik Maas, or Purushottam Maas, is added approximately every 32.5 months. Alongside Adhik Maas, there are other significant periods in the Hindu tradition, such as Kharmas and Malmas, each holding its cultural and religious importance. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the details of these auspicious and inauspicious months, their significance, and the customs and rituals associated with them.
Adhik Maas/Purushottam Maas: Understanding the Lunar-Solar Disparity
Introduction to Adhik Maas
Adhik Maas, also known as Purushottam Maas, is an extraordinary occurrence in the Hindu calendar that takes place approximately once every two to three years. The essence of Adhik Maas arises from the inherent difference between the lunar and solar years, causing the lunar calendar to lag behind the solar cycle. To rectify this disparity, an additional month is inserted, making the lunar year align with the solar year.
Significance and Observances
During Adhik Maas, Hindus believe that performing acts of piety, charity, and engaging in spiritual practices can bring manifold benefits. This auspicious month is regarded as an excellent time for religious rituals, fasting, reading holy scriptures, and acts of compassion. Many pilgrimages and religious festivals take place during Adhik Maas, creating a spiritually vibrant atmosphere across India.
Kharmas: The Time of Reflection and Spiritual Practices
Understanding Kharmas
Kharmas refers to a period of about 15 days that occurs once a year, usually falling in the month of Margashirsha (November–December) according to the Hindu calendar. During Kharmas, it is believed that the Hindu deities, especially Lord Vishnu, are in a state of deep slumber, and consequently, no auspicious ceremonies or new ventures should be initiated.
Significance and Customs
The term “Kharmas” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Kharma,” which translates to “sinful act.” Despite this connotation, Kharmas is not considered entirely inauspicious. Activities such as weddings or other life events can still take place, but they require proper guidance from astrologers. Devotees utilize this time for introspection, engaging in spiritual practices, and seeking blessings from deities by visiting temples and offering prayers. The conclusion of Kharmas is marked with special rituals, and regular auspicious activities resume.
Malmas: Embracing Spiritual Purification
Understanding Malmas
Malamas is another inauspicious month in the Hindu lunisolar calendar, occurring approximately once every 2–3 years, or every 32.5 months. Unlike Kharmas, which lasts for about 15 days, Malamas spans an entire lunar month.
Significance and Observances
Malamas is considered an inauspicious time for embarking on new beginnings, such as marriages, housewarming ceremonies, or significant financial or personal decisions. During this period, devotees abstain from certain auspicious activities and instead focus on spiritual endeavors. Many people undertake religious pilgrimages, engage in charitable acts, and recite sacred texts to seek divine blessings and purify themselves from impurities.
The Blend of Lunar and Solar Rituals in the Hindu Calendar
The Hindu calendar is deeply rooted in religious and cultural significance, and the presence of Adhik Maas, Purushottam Maas, Kharmas, and Malmas adds to its unique character. These special months offer devotees an opportunity to deepen their spiritual connections, receive divine grace, and contemplate their actions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Hindu calendar incorporates both lunar and solar cycles, leading to the occurrence of an extra month known as Adhik Maas or Purushottam Maas every few years. During this time, Hindus perform acts of piety, charity, and engage in spiritual practices to harness its auspiciousness fully. On the other hand, Kharmas and Malmas are periods of reflection and purification, with specific guidelines for undertaking essential activities. Together, these distinct months contribute to the richness of Hindu rituals, allowing devotees to celebrate their faith and spirituality throughout the year.
